NRA Suit Rests on Question of Legal Standing

Lawyers for the National Rifle Association and the city continued to battle it out in court yesterday over five local gun-control laws passed last month.

Common Pleas Judge Jane Cutler Greenspan, who may rule next week on whether to allow the laws to be enforced, has concerns with both sides.

She repeatedly suggested that the city is trying to enforce power that state appellate-court rulings say belongs only to the state.

“It is crystal-clear that this firearm regulation is in the hands of the state, not the city,” Greenspan said during yesterday’s hearing.

But Greenspan also questioned whether the NRA, representing its members, two firearm organizations, two gun shops and four gun owners, has legal standing to challenge three of the five laws.


The NRA is unreasonable!

I am so tired of hearing how the NRA blocks all attempts at getting gun-control laws no matter how sensible the laws would be.I’m also tired of hearing about Second Ammendment Rights. All rights have some limitations for the common good. You may have a driver’s license, for example, but drunk driving is still illegal. You may have children, but child abuse is still illegal. You may marry, but polygamy is still illegal. Why should the 2nd Amendment be any different from other rights that are limited for the greater good?

It's just a wedge issue...

Period. This is a MacGuffin which the GOP maintains to make the Democrats look like Volvo driving blah, blah, blahs….
The NRA are handmaidens to that cause and the actual issues
are lost in the scuffle. But as long as people vote with their .308s, it’ll remain on the GOP platform.

Pilt

If only those in favor of

If only those in favor of getting rid of guns would put a sign in their yard: “No guns on this property.”
Then, those of us who owned guns wouldn’t have to use them, and the left could have a fine opportunity to put their money where their collective mouth is.
But, no liberal ever does that. Always want to use someone else’s money.

Do I want my property vandalized?

No one would dare put a sign on his property for fear gun fanatics would shoot up his property.When it comes to guns, some folks lose all their sense of reasonableness.

Huh?

A little confused here…but….

It’s not as simple as “getting rid of guns.” Nearly no one advocates that, just a more limited arsenal in some cases.

Even the simplest law, such as “one gun per month” is fought tooth and nail by the NRA, while (as a gun owner myself – surprise!) I can’t imagine why anyone would need to have that many guns around. My father and I hunted together for many years. He used the same 30-30 and I used another long gun. We never felt like our 2nd Amendment rights were being trampled!

Does this make sense to you? ‘Cause your reply left me scratching my head…

Pilt

Text of Second Amendment and Originalism

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

OK, so let me pretend to be an originalist here (I’m laughing too). I think it is safe to say that the Founding Fathers did not put the first two clauses in the Second Amendment just for the fun of it. The question then is, What they heck did they mean by it? Well, let’s see. They were concerned about fighting intruders, British or otherwise. They were concerned about the national government getting too powerful and turning into a monarchy. So they wanted to make sure that the states and the people that inhabited them had the means to defend themselves against the British and, possibly, a president who got too big for his britches.

Interestingly, the Second Amendment is not the only mention of “militias” in the Constitution.

Article II, which sets forth the powers of the president, includes the following language: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States;”

Hmmm. It seems like the Founding Fathers had a pretty clear vision of the states having militias.

Reading these two provisions together, I don’t think I’m going out on a limb here by saying that when the founders were thinking about having ready militias in the states, specifically well-regulated militias, when they wrote the Second Amendment. They were not concerned about the rights of individuals to possess guns so that they could hunt or shoot their neighbor for trespassing.

So, my message to the NRA is, if you have a gun, you better be ready, willing and able to join a state militia (now known as the National Guard) and go off to war if the president decides to call the militias in the actual services of the United States.

Just being an originalist.

Of course, we all know that Mr. Originalist, Antonin Scalia, will find a creative way of ignoring the first two clauses of the Second Amendment. And that, my friends, will prove that originalism is just the lipstick on the pig that is arch-conservatism.

A Well-Regulated Rebuttal

I’ll give you points for accurately quoting the Constitution, Blackrobe, but as far as objective analysis…eh, not so much. Specifically, you referenced Article II’s granting the President the status of Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard as evidence of the Founder’s wish that only regulated para-military outfits be armed. If you dig a little deeper into history, this couldn’t be further from the truth. The term “militia”, as understood in colonial days, referred not to members of a standing army but ordinary citizens. Passage after passage of the Federalist Papers refer to the Founders view that ordinary citizens served as the ultimate check on excessive abuses of power by the executive branch. In England, all but a very privileged few were allowed to keep arms. Seeing the abuses this policy created, the Founders wished to reverse things. Simply put, n Revolutionary America, a “well-regulated militia” referred to Joe the Farmer packing heat. Ordinary people WERE the militia, and too often the only available recourse against British tyranny was a loaded weapon. The Founders were indeed concerned over individual rights as it pertained to gun ownership, as it served as the first line of defense for the citizens of a young country. Again, check out Hamilton and Madison’s words in the Federalist Papers, if you don’t believe me. Considering this, in my opinion, the Second Amendment doesn’t limit or qualify anything – it tells us exactly who should be able to own a gun; namely, We the People.

Wondering

I’ve always wondered about this, Gent. What documents refer to regular citizens as the militia? Your opinions are generally well-researched so I’m not challenging in any negative way, it’s just that I’ve heard that argument before and always wondered about specifics.

Cites, Greg.

Greg –

Check out Federalist 28 and 29 by Hamilton and 46 by Madison. I can’t give you the exact quotes off the top of my head, but each writing refers to the Founders’ belief in an “original right of self-defense” (Hamilton’s term) against a tyrannical state. As England was a largely disarmed country (except for the government and the well-connected), the Founders saw an armed citizenry as an effective check against abuses by the state. In Federalist 29, Hamilton looks to arm the “citizens at large” as the first line of defense for a new America. This makes sense, as the closest thing to a standing army that our country had back then would resemble a weekend shooters’ club. Ordinary folks were the militia. For the Founders, defense started at home.

Right To Bear

Two-hundred plus years ago these “rights” made sense, today..eh,not so much. There was a recent incident in Dickson City, PA where a group of Hot-dog gun owners decided they would wear their side arms while they dined at the Country Buffet Restaurant. Of course, the other “normal” patrons summoned mangagment to voice their concerns and the local police were called to investigate. As it turned out, each of the gun-toters has permits to carry. One of these jackasses however decided he did not have to show his permit to the inquiring officers, as it is “his right to bear.” Due to his unwillingness to cooperate, the police confiscated his gun. This of course resulted in the need for a public meeting to determine if the police acted properly. And of course the meeting was attended by, you guessed it, more hot-dogs wearing side arms. All this leads me to ask the question, Is this really what we want or need as a society? How long before we are all walking around armed? I realize there are responsible gun owners who most likely would not condone this behavior, but for those that do, they are not responsible and have no “right” to bear arms. These jerks were trying to prove a point. Point taken, we need more gun control laws to keep a**holes from shooting up the Country Buffet. I know no shots were fired, but give it time, someone will not be able to resist the temptation. I have no idea why you need a gun at the Country Buffet. I’m sure their meat is pre-killed, so you don’t have to shoot your own. These kinds of people just don’t seem to get it. They are their own worst enemies. Personally, I believe the police should have confiscated all their guns just for acting like the jerks they are.

"Well regulated"

This phrase seems to be overlooked.

I’m no Constitutional scholar, but doesn’t this mean that any militia would be formed as a group, under clear terms and an obvious leadership structure?

And, if so, doesn’t that mean that we are not referring to individual rights, but rather the rights of the government to not only allow gun ownership, but to regulate it?

Pilt

ps: Of course, the larger issue is that time has indeed changed. Gun ownership has likely had the “unintended consequence” of arming gang members and criminals to the exclusion of normal citizens…whose chance of retaking their nation by force is an impossible dream….

“gang members and

“gang members and criminals” are armed and fighting only when fighting over territories in which illegal drugs, from alcohol to whatever nanny is banning now, have the opportunity to make vast profits because things people want have been made illegal.
The war on guns is a direct offshoot of the war on drugs.
Nanny starts the latter war to win the former.

Well regulated, take two.

People want drugs and alcohol “well regulated.” Do the laws against them lead to enforcement? Yea. Like speed limits lead to tickets. Decriminalizing everything isn’t the answer, though it remains the Libertarian panacea wet dream of all time. “If only we had no laws and nothing was illegal, then everything would be loverly!” Yea. Right.

How about we do something to improve people’s job prospects so that they at least THINK they have an option that doesn’t include crime and violence?

Pilt

NRA

Why won’t the NRA and all of its nit-witted mebers take a flying leap? If there is any one thing this country can do without, it’s the NRA. They promote themselves as an organization that promotes gun safety and responsible ownership, and in actuality they are anything but. They’re a pseudo-political,right-wing organization opposed to any type of responsible and safe gun ownership. Responsible gun owners make it a point to avoid the NRA and recognize it for the fraud it is.

The NRA

Good point. By the way, has Charlton Heston’s hand been pryed open now that it is cold and dead. One NRA member at a time.

NRA

I wonder if the acronym NRA really means “Not Reasonable Anytime” the words “gun control” are uttered?

One more round...no, really

Let me be more specific. I’ll concede that a reasonable interpretation of the constitution gives ordinary citizens the right to bear arms. But I’ll only concede that by doing so, they are part of a “well regulated” militia. By this interpretation, they don’t even need to join the National Guard. Gun owners ARE the National Guard. Last time I checked, the President invoked his right to call up the National Guard and shipped them off to Iraq. This could be a great savings to the Pentagon. They won’t even need to provide the weapons and ammo. Just tell all the loyal patriotic gun owners to bring theirs along. Especially the ones who already own assault rifles with the automatic conversion kits. After all, by their Constitutional “right” they posses these things to protect the country. Right? The President has made a great case that there has never been a greater threat to our country. Pack your guns and your bags. You just got a free flight to Baghdad.
Sarcasm aside, if this is really going to be the gun lobby’s argument, they have to at least concede that they are subject to state regulation.
The City of Philadelphia is fighting the good fight, but they will unfortunately, lose. Harrisburg needs to make this change. Ok, you can all stop laughing now.

Blackrobe nails it!

Thanks! Well said.

It would be great to see some of these uber-patriots, armed with their shotguns, marching off to war, in all their Cabela’s finery… I can imagine them asking for a reinterpretation of the 2nd Amendment on their way to the front lines….

Don’t get me wrong, I have no hurt with hunters. I was one and I know a lot of them. The ones who blindly support the NRA may do it more out of a sense of “us against them” than anything else. Fighting against the supposed Liberal gun-haters empowers them….the same way that looking down their noses at hunters and shooters empowers many Progressives…

OK. Flame away…

Pilt

You're welcome

While this may come as a surprise to some, I don’t have a per se problem with hunters. Hunting is fine, as long as you are going to eat what you kill. I’m less understanding of people who hunt just for the sake of killing things.

What the NRA fails to acknowledge is that none of the rights articulated in the Bill or Rights are absolute. What sets the Second Amendment apart from the other amendments is the fact that there is qualifying language built right into the amendment. That would suggest that the founders had a more circumscribed view of the right to bear arms vis-a-vis the other rights articulated in the Bill of Rights.

Take a look at the Fourth Amendment: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”

There is nothing in it which is equivalent to the “well-regulated militia” language in the Second Amendment. The limitations on the Fourth Amendment’s warranted-search requirement have been put their by the courts, and not by the language of the amendment itself.

Pilt Nails It...

I’m kind of neutral on the NRA. I support gun ownership (obviously), but the NRA, at times, turns me off. The grassroots members of the NRA are, for the most part, good people, but the leadership is just another bunch of lobbyists in Washington (and in state capitols). Like most other organizations pounding the pavement in DC, they are businessmen and women, trying to grow their bottom line. Anything that ignites indignation amongst the membership gets donation dollars flowing. That typically means trying to line up the troops against any piece of legislation anywhere that even has a whiff of “gun control” to it. The specter of “those liberal gun-grabbers” is a cash cow. However, this practice isn’t unique to the NRA ( for instance, both anti-abortion and pro-abortion rights groups are fantastic at this as well).

Pilt has a fantastic point, though. It often seems that the gulf between hunters, sportsmen, owners, etc. and non-owners isn’t really political (I’m in Pittsburgh and a lot of the gun owners I know are registered Dems). It’s cultural. “Progressives” from Shadyside and Squirrel Hill (upscale urban neighborhoods in the city, for whoever isn’t familiar with the ‘Burgh) turn their collective noses up at even the concept of gun ownership. Mention “gun rights” and they look at you like you’re some scary creature from outer space. However, travel the largely blue-collar communities along any of the rivers and the picture is much different. Gun ownership is commonplace. Fathers teach their sons (and daughters, for that matter) gun safety at a young age. It’s commonplace, like learning to ride a bike.

So, my Democratic friends, why the separation?

This brings us back to the legislation at hand

As I mentioned in earlier posts, I’m not against gun ownership, per se. I believe that most people that do not own or have a desire to own firearms aren’t interested in banning all ownership. Just a guess, but citizens who want a total and outright ban is very small. Most of the populace, including Philadelphia, just want some form of reasonable controls. Controls that would allow hunters and sports-people to continue enjoying popping off a few rounds to relax, while preventing someone from walking into a store that they’ve never been to before, presenting a questionable out-of-state license, plopping down a couple of grand in cash, and walking out with a couple of Tec-9’s. Come on, what real gun lover would even use such a crappy weapon? I can’t imagine that any member of the NRA would be affected in any substantive way by Philadelphia’s proposed legislation, or by any other recently proposed gun legislation. Nobody is trying to ban a Winchester .308 bolt action rifle. Stop with the slippery slope already.

And I can’t resist the invitation to respond. As a gun owning family, you are FAR more likely to have gun deaths in your household that someone who does not. The odds of a spouse or a kid deciding to use the gun on other family members, or unfortunately their local school or post office, is significantly higher that an armed burglar walking in and shooting up the place. Sorry, I just don’t feel like looking up actual stats today. Statistically, having a gun in your house makes you less safe. There is nothing to debate about that. So when you prattle on about family love and sharing the common bonds of gun-ownership, I’ve just got to laugh. Wait until those Dads have disaffected teenage brats who know how to shoot straight, and where the ammo is kept.

The only thing that is going to slow gun nuts down right now is the price of copper (and subsequently the price of ammo), and the cost of gas (What? $200 into my F150 just to drive from Pittsburgh to Hillman State Park for the weekend). I can’t wait to see the new “eco-friendly” hunter. Driving a Prius to the park, walking into the park (no ATV), and picking up their brass to reload. Maybe even taking home their empty beer cans to recycle for a change.

What?! No ATVs in Parks?!

Perhaps you should have looked up the stats, Blackrobe. If you’re referring to the study I believe you’re referring to, I wouldn’t put much stock in it. Dr. Egghead (I can’t remember his or her name, but Egghead will suffice) counted those gun owners who were killed with a gun belonging to ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL (i.e., not their own) and criminals as victims of in-home gun violence. That kind of skewered the numbers, don’t you think?

Some other statistics. There are, on the average, about 1,000 accidental gun deaths each year in the United States, versus about 40 million gun owners. More children die annually from sports-related injuries than accidental shootings.Guns are used in self-defense by civilians on roughly 2 million occasions each year, and a large majority succeed in fending off their potential intruders (most via warning shots, drawing their gun, etc., not actual shooting). Violence is actually prevented, not caused, by the presence of a gun in the house.

Oh, and most of the responsible hunters I know clean up after themselves. You don’t have to be an “enlightened” urbanite to appreciate the environment. I know some city dwellers who do a spectacular job of decimating the streets around them.

Happy Memorial Day, Blackrobe. Hopefully you’ll be able to take your Prius for a cruise in this beautiful weather…

Well-Regulated Rebuttal, Part 2

Blackrobe –

What you read as a “qualification” in the Second Amendment, I read as an explicit right meant to be preserved and guaranteed by the Founders. Like I said in my earlier posts to Greg, go back and read the reasoning of the Founders in the Federalist Papers. When they spoke of a “well-regulated” militia, they weren’t talking about some permanent, standing army; they were referring to ordinary citizens who, collectively, might be called upon to band together and defend the country. The first (and best) line of defense, the Founders reasoned, would be for each able-bodied citizen to arm themselves against threats both foreign and domestic. No where in the Federalist do the Founders discuss any sort of LIMITATION on the right to keep and bear arms. In fact, while some these days seem to focus on the “well-regulated” portion of the Second Amendment, the Founders seemed to emphasize the “shall not be infringed” term quite emphatically. Again, except for those in power and the well-connected, England was a largely disarmed country. The Founders saw the abuses created by that policy and wished to balance power a bit in their new country. As it pertained to the Second Amendment, the Founders “circumscribed” nothing. The people were the “militia” and gun ownership was not limited to membership in any exclusive group or regulated formation. The “well-regulated” phrase in the Second Amendment was, more or less, something of a declaration of a collective purpose (i.e., defense of the country against internal or external threats). That does not translate into exclusivity in gun ownership (i.e., limiting who is able to own a gun). It merely says that, as a country, we have a right of self-defense, one in which citizens, in times of need, could band together to fight for their freedom. Ergo, as a member of the “militia”, any American’s right to own a firearm should not be infringed upon.

Mere Surplusage

One of the canons of constitutional interpretation is that every word and clause of the constitution must be given independent force and effect, see Holmes v. Tennison (1840) and Marbury v. Madison (1803)).

The Gent, however, apparently regards the words “well-regulated” and “State” in the Second Amendment as mere surplusage.* While I concede that the Second Amendment is one strangely worded piece of prose, it does not give anyone the license to completely ignore the first two clauses of the amendment.

But getting back to my previous point, if, as the Gent suggests, the founders, in using the term “militia,” meant “ordinary citizens who, collectively, might be called upon to band together and defend the country,” it follows that if one reads Article II and the Second Amendment in pari materia, guns owners are the “militia of the several states” and can be “called into the actual service of the United States” by the president.

This would avoid any need for a draft. Since all gun owners are the de facto militia, the president can, under his Article II powers, just call them into service of the U.S. any time he needs them. Heck, under the War Powers Act of 1973, Congress doesn’t even have to get involved.

  • a term used in analyzing legal documents and pleadings to refer to wording or statements which have no legal effect and, therefore, can be ignored.

Calling Prof. Blackrobe...

Blackrobe, we’ve done this dance before. I didn’t ignore any portion of the Second Amendment, discounting it as mere “surplusage”. (By the way, when you aren’t hunkered down somewhere in our court system, do you teach English? I love how you define your own terms at the end of your posts. It’s almost like I’m back in school!). Once again, you just simply didn’t like my response. Ergo, I “ignored” your argument.

Anyway, the term “well-regulated militia” referred to a collective national purpose, as I stated in my prior post (which you apparently didn’t care for). You keep equating “well-regulated’ with something akin to our modern National Guard. The National Guard is a professional military outfit construed of individuals who hold positions in the private sector. In Revolutionary America, nothing along those lines existed. Ordinary citizens WERE the militia (honestly, open a history book if you don’t believe me!) Therefore, one of the reasons the Second Amendment was written is that the Founders saw an armed populace as the first and best line of defense for the country.

You also keep referencing Article II’s “called into service” provision, mainly as a means to make a political argument (I believe you referenced Iraq in another post). Actually, on this point, you aren’t that far off. Able-bodied men, as the militia, could (and, until Vietnam, were) called into service by the President, if truly needed. However, you and I both know that the “draft”, or anything like it, will never be seen again in this country. It’s politically untenable and practically unwise.

You also don’t seem to accept the definition of “militia” to mean the “people at large”. So you’re arguing that the U.S. Code is printed incorrectly, as it defines “militia” in exactly that fashion?

Well, regulate this....

Not to put too fine a point on this, but while your historical references may be accurate, the reality today is far different in this nation than it was when those scholars and learned men were fussing over the Federalist Papers.

We’ve outlawed slavery and given women the right to vote in the meantime.

Surely you can see how parsing the specific intent of the wording of the 2nd Amendment can seem like like a parlor game.

I’ve made the point before, but I’ll do it again here and now.

if, as you suggest, the major intent was to allow citizens to “rise up against tyranny,” they you’d have to explain to me exactly how that would happen in the United States in 2008. Do you see a bunch of hunters banding together to attack foreign invaders who are going to mass at our borders with muskets? Or would those hunters use their shotguns to fire on the bombs or nuclear missiles which might be descending from the skies?

And since we already have a well-regulated militia in the form of the National Guard, how exactly would these untrained folks be organized? In essence, if there is no current mechanism for including them in a defense plan of some sort, then it seems to me that the Federal Government doesn’t see them as helpful in any way and is making the tacit statement that they would never turn to them as this “well regulated militia.”

To Blackrobe’s question about a gun control dichotomy within the party? Well, I’d say that’s the nature of the Democratic Party. For good or ill, we have a rather “large tent” and we welcome dissenting and counter views on many issues. Often this is to our detriment come election time, because, unlike the lock-step GOP, some of us will take opposing views that aren’t completely “by the book.”

And certainly the separation on guns is a cultural one. Urbanites, who, more often than not, don’t grow up with guns, have a skewed “media view” of the weapons. They don’t understand (and I don’t blame them for this) how a gun can be used for sport….rather than mere violence.

Perhaps they are confused by people like Dick Cheney, who somehow managed to do both.

Sorry. That was too easy…

Pilt

The fear of gun owners

Watch the movie Red Dawn. Good cast (Swayze, Jen Grey, Charlie Sheen) but a rather bad movie from the Reagan era. It is the story of Cuba and the Soviet Union invading the US and taking control of the western half of the country. Then you will understand the scenario that the right wing believes is possible and that they must defend against.

Gent v. Brezhnev, Round One

Yea, I take Jennifer Grey home with me after we blow apart the Pinkos. At least that’s how I play out the scenario in my head.

Get real…

You may be right...

...but I’d really hate to think so.

If the Right believes tribe like that, it’s only because some of them want to live in a mythic land where (cue the announcer…) “A small rag-tag group of citizen soldiers, outgunned and out-manned, rise up and save the republic.”

Unless they have a fleet of Blackhawks and F-16s, I don’t see it happening.

Pilt

To those that believe

To those that believe carrying a gun is a God given right and will protect them in any situation, there is a place you can do some good. Become a city cop. These guys face the scum of the earth everyday and much of this scum are carrying guns. City police departments are looking for new recruits everyday. But there is one big difference between those that just want to carry a gun and those that have to carry one to do a job. A cop and his family know that when he leaves for work he may not come home. That’s everytime he goes to work. Not some days…every day! Gun control isn’t about going to the gun shop with your bro’s and see who can buy the biggest gun or shootin’ up some old car in the woods. Its about getting handguns off city streets and putting policeman back in control of the city areas where drugs and murder are commonplace. All too often, its either a young kid or a cop laying in the street…never going home again. Try thinking outside your own little world and see gun control for what it really is. As much as you and the NRA may want to think its all about you and your engraved .357 in that gun cabinet you bought from Cabelas…........its about saving lives, not saving your hobby.
JP

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